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Bowlers are more important than batsmen. Really, this entire article can be summed up in that premise. What I intend to achieve here, is to establish that fact, use it to examine the meaning of the…
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Slaying the Sobers Golden Calf
Bowlers are more important than batsmen.
Really, this entire article can be summed up in that premise. What I intend to achieve here, is to establish that fact, use it to examine the meaning of the term "all rounder" and finally use it to extinguish the myth - one of the most prevailing in the sport - that Garry Sobers was the greatest all rounder of all time.
But first thing's first - why is bowling more important than batting? Well, I should say that in the aggregate, it's not. Every single delivery in Test cricket has featured a batting and a bowling team. Both elements combine to produce cricket scores and necessarily contribute equally to cricket results. However, on a
player level this isn't the case and never has been. It comes down to the fact that every player on a team, one through eleven, bats. Eleven players have bowled in a test just four times in Test history. Bowlers simply bowl more than batsmen bat. Accordingly, bowlers contribute more to the bowling "half" of their teams performance than batsmen contribute to the batting "half". Bowling is not more important than batting (at least, not necessarily, and that is not the focus of this article), but bowl
ers are more important than bat
sman. Let's look at an example.
Muttiah Muralitharan and Sachin Tendulkar are the most prolific run scorers and wicket takers in history. Not coincidentally, they also are the record holders for most balls bowled and most balls faced respectively. Tendulkar faced 28,930 deliveries. Muralitharan bowled 44,039. That's an enormous difference - Murali bowled more than 150% of the deliveries that Tendulkar faced. And remember - Tendulkar played 200 Tests. Muralitharan played 133 Tests. By deliveries per match, this becomes a blowout of the highest order. Per match, Murali's bowled for over 55 overs. Per match, Tendulkar batted for 24 overs. That's right, 55 vs 24. Let's take the slow bowling out of it, as some may argue (although surely in bad faith, seeing the 230% disparity) that Murali's gargantuan over totals skew the argument. Glenn McGrath, part of an efficient attack with many other options that frequently polished teams off with a single ball, bowled more than 39 overs a match, eclipsing 150% with plenty of room to spare.
There's a pretty obvious reason for this - teams decide who bowls. If Australia went out today and opened the bowling with Chris Rogers and Brad Haddin, it would be violently against the norms of 140 years of cricket history, and an outrageous waste of bowling resources. If Mitchell Johnson has a 0/20 (4.0) spell, he's not sent to the dressing room and Steve Smith has to sheepishly take his place. He comes back for second, third, fourth spells - he even gets another new ball! Thus the debate around the fifth bowler vs fifth option. It seems pretty clear that four bowlers is sufficient to dismiss Test teams (or at least, if four isn't, a fifth is unlikely to help). The two greatest teams ever (acknowledged by pretty much everyone at this point) are the 1984 West Indian team and 2000 Australians. Both relied on four man attacks. A fifth bowler is sometimes added, and has many backers in the media, for variety or "resting" reasons, but it's reasonably obvious to me this spot is better used on batting resources. It's not that a fifth bowler doesn't have a role for these purposes, it's just that they can be easily served by a batsman, and are only needed for 10-15 overs a match for minimal damage.
And now we are winding our way closer to the all rounder question. That word - damage - is key here. Bowling Chris Rogers not only does not add to bowling production,
it actively damages it. Rogers will not only bowl poorly, but there is also the opportunity cost of
not bowling Johnson, or Siddle, or Harris. The over just bowled is one you cannot bowl again, and a good bowler will never be able to bowl it. This is fundamentally different from batting. Nine wickets down, you won't expect Monty Panesar to do you much good, but he certainly is better than
nothing. Than simply closing your innings.
Any value (runs) he can provide are good, albeit a small good. Bowling Rogers is not the same. And this can be extended in less obvious cases - is bowling Robin Petersen THAT different than bowling JP Duminy? At what point is it better for a player not to bowl at all?
One quick and dirty way to look at it is to simply see what the bowling average is in cricket history. The answer to that is 32.10 (65,047/2,088,553 if you were interested). Going from the end of the First World War (getting rid of the Lohmanns, Briggs and Ferris' of the world) brings that number up to 32.68. A garden variety over in the history of cricket had a little less than 9% chance of taking a wicket and went for 2.84 runs.
Very few batsmen (almost none, in fact), could reasonably be held to this standard. And if the standard for an all rounder is the oft repeated but rarely contemplated "can earn his place in the team as a batsman or bowler", basically no one qualifies. Even a bowler such as Kallis (more on him in a moment) who averaged 32.65, just on the cusp of that number, would have been a fringey Test player. Sure, he'd have earned a few caps, but would not be a fixture in any good cricket team for any length of time.
The reason that the average for all wickets bears a resemblance to bowling averages more than batting averages is again that that average weighs Chris Martin's wicket the same as Don Bradman's. We don't have to weigh Muralitharan's deliveres the same as Stephen Fleming's for the simple reason that he never bowled.
All this is a long way of saying that if the term "all rounder" is to have any meaning, it's to be a bowler that contributes disproportionately with the bat. That's a much slimmer, less awe inspiring meaning than the "both roles" definition that has become common place, but it also bears much more resemblance to reality.
This makes the line difficult to draw. Maybe Richard Hadlee really was an all rounder, with his 27.16 batting average (better than most think, it should be said). We're not comparing him with batsman here, because replacing the deliveries Hadlee faced with batsman quality deliveries would mean playing a batsman at #8. A more reasonable line might be to take the average of players batting at eight in Tests. That number is about 18, perhaps 18.5, although firm data is difficult to obtain (it's not available through statsguru). For number sevens that number touches 25. So let's call it 25 and say that anyone batting consistently over 25 and can bowl significant overs at Test level is an all rounder.
Such players remain vanishingly rare - although existent. Keith Miller's spot was never in doubt, nor the place of one of the most underrated players ever, Trevor Goddard. All the "big four" of the 80's make it. Shaun Pollock does. Chris Cairns does. Guys like Broad, Wasim, Benaud and the aforementioned Johnson just miss out - which sounds about right. And that's about it in Test history.
Thinking of the failed all rounder projects of recent times (and God, there's so many to choose from) we see, again and again, the harder part of the deal to keep up is the bowling side. Abdur Razzaq - 28.61 with the bat but 36.94 with the ball. Daniel Vettori (an odd story of a burgeoning #6 in treacherous batting conditions miscast as a bowler for much of his career) - 30.10 with the bat, 34.42 with the ball (although, superb economy - 2.59 - could make this a tighter call, it must be said). Azhar Mahmood - 30.00 with the bat, 35.94 with the ball. Jacob Oram (another oddity that might well have been better off leaving the bowling and focusing on the bat) 36.32 with the bat and 33.05 with the ball. Flintoff - 31.77 with the bat and 32.78 with the ball. Irfan Pathan, surprisingly, might seem to be the closest to a true all rounder of the bunch, with a 31.57 batting average and 32.26 bowling average, which seems quite solid when you consider how much he bowled in Asia. However, the surprise simply melts away when you realise he averages 45.49 against teams with names that don't start with a "B" or "Z". Shane Watson, the daddy of all problematic all rounders of the last decade, has the best numbers of this bunch, and probably sufficient to claim genuine all rounder status - 36.33 with the bat and 31.83 with the ball. If only injuries and Australia's insistence to claim he is a top three bat have dulled that reputation.
In every case, it was the bowling that was problematic. The batting was the cherry on top, but if the cake was rubbish, it simply didn't matter - most of these players were in and out of their teams, went through some atrocious years, disrupted the balance of their teams and were frequently injured. Bowling always comes first for so called "all rounders".
The implication for Sobers is obvious - he simply does not qualify by any reasonable understanding of "all rounder" in the context of Test cricket as it's actually played. He has a bowling average five runs worse than that of Doug Walters and only three runs superior to Michael Clarke. In fact, correcting Clarke's average for era leaves the Australian ahead. The batting average through the era of Clarke's career (Oct 2004 to time of writing) is 34.39 - Clarke is 108% of this average. The batting average in Sobers era (March 1954 to April 1974) was 31.44 - Sobers is just a fraction worse at 108.2%. Worse than Clarke on average! Certainly Sobers enormous haul of 235 wickets is in his favour - he bowled a LOT at Test level - but it's impossible to make the case that he was good at it. Simply bowling Michael Clarke 38.4 overs a game (it IS amazing how much Sobers bowled certainly) wouldn't change the fact it's not a good idea. Sobers was a better fifth option than Clarke - it's harder to maintain an average over a large number of overs - but in the context of our current discussion, it's clear "all rounder" is a world away from his skills.
The notion of Kallis too, being the greatest all rounder of all time should also sit uncomfortably. However Kallis against Sobers is really a no-contest. Even leaving the averages where they are finds Kallis ahead by a run and a half, and when correcting for era (Kallis played in an even rougher time to bowl than Clarke) the difference becomes enormous. Scaling Kallis' bowling average to Sobers' era finds Kallis with an average of 30.67 - nearly
three and a half runs below Sobers. 3.36 to be exact. That's the difference between Richard Hadlee (who has a very solid though arguable case for greatest pace bowler of all time) and Shoaib Akhtar (nice piece with exceptional pace but with many holes in econ, stamina and with line issues) for clarification.
Sobers bowled over FORTY in six years of his career, and bowled less than 100 overs in another four. In ten years - half of his career, Sobers was a mediocre fifth option, let alone all rounder. Of the remaining ten years he was sub 30 in just six and even with 38 overs a match took five wickets in an innings just six times in his career.
Imran is the rightful bearer of the all rounder flame. In his career (Jun 1971-Jan 1992) the batting average was 32.59 and Imran batted more than five runs better. His 37.69 average hurdles over the #7 standard with comical ease and in fact is the equal of Test number
fives throughout history. While this includes a lot of turnover of bats that ultimately just could not hack it, it nevertheless could support an argument that at any given time, in any given batting card, you could accomodate Imran Khan as purely a batsman and there was a chance he could have a lengthy career. Michael Atherton had an identical average to Imran and played
115 Test matches. Can anyone seriously suggest a bowler could average 34.03, in even the most forgiving era, and play 115 Test matches? (quiet, Ishant)
I have spoken in reverant tones about Imran's outrageously good bowling career before. Like Hadlee, he has an excellent argument for the greatest pace bowler ever, particularly considering he played 51 of his 88 matches in Asia. He bowled under 25 against every opponent except New Zealand (28.19) with an average of 21.18 against the West Indies, who were the greatest team in the world throughout his career against them (1977-1990). Between 1981 and 1986 inclusive he went on the most destructive rampage of pace bowling since WWI, taking 154 wickets (he missed all of 1984 save a single match where he did not bowl), 5.7wpm(5.9 excluding the 1984 match)@14.85...yes, read that again - FOURTEEN POINT EIGHT FIVE. Imran Khan, in modern day Test cricket, bowled at under FIFTEEN for half a decade. On either side of this he bowled 3.8wpm@21.46 in 1980. He bowled 7.7wpm@18.08 in 1988 at the age of THIRTY SIX. For a decade - from Jan 1 1979 until Dec 31 1988 - Imran Khan took 4.7wpm@18.74 with five 10WM in just 55 Tests.
Bowlers are more important than batsman - Imran Khan is the greatest all rounder of all time, probably easily, and if it's close, it's close with Keith Miller not Garry Sobers.
#garry sobers#imran khan#trevor goddard#michael clarke#jacques kallis#Test Cricket
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