Manee said:
I think that a major difference is that cricketers from other countries are built stronger and more athletic. Whether this is natural athleticism or how much gym work is preferred, I'm not sure... and so can power the ball down at 140kph when he is in the mood. Dilhara Fernando too shows clear signs of physical strength.
On to Indian bowlers; Indians tend to have a more slight build... Ishant Sharma's rapid run up has been shown to decrease in speed over the years and this is likely due to fatigue and lack of the cardiac fitness levels of a Steyn, as well as his very slight build.
If body build was the issue, then Zaheer, Munaf, VRV Singh and to a lesser extent Irfan or Bangar or even JP Yadav would generate more pace, given their strength. Muscle power can only add a little pace, but a cleaner and smoother action can generate a lot more. A lot of these bowlers have issues with their actions, which hardly look smooth. Even Agarkar, a tiny bloke, was close to express pace in the last few years until the World Cup in WI, but at crucial events, such as the South Africa tour, the World Cup itself and the ODI series in England, he slowed down inexplicably to very average medium pace. When one or two bowlers lose their pace, there may be reasons for it, but when all the bowlers lose their pace and consequently their edge, there's a massive hole to plug. Sreesanth's cardiac fitness may be a bit tough to judge, but he's often tried to go flat out and bowl fast, but hasn't channelled his efforts neatly- he's all arms and legs all over.
Most of the genuinely fast bowlers in world cricket are not necessarily built large and muscular, but are very athletic and have very good reflexes. Brett Lee, Shane Bond, Dale Steyn, Dilhara Fernando and most West Indian pacers are relatively thin and lean, in comparison to the bulky Akhtar, Harmison or Watson. In fact, a conflicting school of thought suggests that if fast bowlers add more bulk and muscle, they end up carrying too much weight and that slows down their pace. While body build doesn't help generate much pace, it can help sustain that pace for a longer time.
Bowling actions is an interesting thing to look at...Some well informed biomechanical work would be ideal though, I think we can both agree on that.
I'd say it's a combination of the bowling action and the bowler's reflexes and fitness. As some experts suggest, the bowler's pace is determined by how fast those muscles respond and move. We find that the fastest bowlers are often good fielders. Fast bowling is essentially about power and athleticism, rather than merely skill.
On to the Indian fast bowlers. I have recently come to the conclusion that the drop in pace by Indian fast bowlers has been overestimated in recent times (there has been some, but not that much)...A few games at high speeds in SA in T20 (where bowlers tend to be much faster than otherwise, for obvious reasons) is not that remarkable.
When Munaf made his debut, he bowled at over 140k regularly, but now he struggles to get past 130k. He's a fast bowler, not an up-and-down medium pacer, so he'd benefit a lot more if he bowled faster. While Chappell is often cited as being responsible for Munaf's reduced pace, as also Prasad and possibly Dhoni, all of whom emphasise on line and length, Munaf has made no effort to bowl fast, but given a very lengthy period of reduced pace, there may have been a drop, which should be looked into. RP Singh and Sreesanth are the fittest bowlers in contention now, so they can step up in pace. Reaching the 140k mark isn't beyond them, so the key is to sustain that pace.
Irfan is the exception and a remarkable case as he is simply no longer the same bowler that he once was...Ishant's drop in pace has been a sign of fatigue, which does affect alot of fast bowlers, tbh...
Irfan started off as another 135k bowler, but during the Pakistan series in 2004, he cranked it up to the low 140ks regularly, and maintained that until the disastrous home series against Pakistan, where he was stuck in the 120k bracket, and was stuck in it for a very long time. Likewise, Ishant started off as someone seriously fast, hitting the 140k mark regularly, until the current IPL and beyond. I don't really buy the workload excuse- so many others have as much, but still deliver. Prasad's blinkered line-and-length theory may have had its effect, but when someone like Steyn, Broad, Butler or even the recently-returned Bond can bowl at serious pace in ODIs, there's no reason why Ishant can't. The management is missing a trick here, yet again.
Then look at the so-called bits and pieces players. We've discussed the massive Watson already, but the less bulky James Hopes, Moises Henriques and Andrew McDonald regularly bowl in the high 120ks and the 130ks. Even in other teams, similar players such as Styris, Oram, Razzaq, Albie Morkel and Luke Wright bowl in the 120ks and are still very useful. If the people running the Indian team can make a bowler effective even at that pace, they can get more out of their own seam-up bowlers such as Nayar, Bhatia and Shukla, rather than use their lack of pace as an excuse to keep them out.