I still don't see any arguments for referrals that aren't just arguments for using technology more, other than SS's petulant generalisation that "Umpires are too full of themselves and their own importance.", which may be true of some, but certainly isn't of all.
I personally would hope that, were they able to recourse to tv replays to assist them in their decision making, umpires would do exact that.
The problem is that if you allow the umpires to make those decisions, you'll either get some shockers that all the players in the slip cordon know or the batsman knows but the umpire thinks he was right, or you'll get them referring every single decision no matter how obvious like they do with run outs these days. Either way doesn't work well IMO.
As for my petulance, it's really aimed at fans/administrators who place umpires on such a high pedestal. The game is 11vs11, not 11vs11 and two blokes whose decisions end up overriding the match and deciding the outcome. If you could count on everyone being honest and impartial, you wouldn't need umpires. They aren't part of the game, regardless of what Bowden thinks he is doing with his embarrassing antics.
If it leads to a better system, I've no problem with trying it though. However, in this instance, I don't see how it would have helped. The umpire on the ground made the wrong decision. If he was sure, it would have stood. If he wasn't, he would have referred it and it still would have stood. No net benefit. By putting it into the hands of the cricketer, you make players in charge of their own destiny. If some idiot captain loses his challenges early and receives a shocker, that's on him. It works really well in the NFL, and there is no reason it can't here.
As for legislating dissent - I don't see what the problem is with that? Why is that a bad thing to ask for a revision of an obvious mistake. You'd do that in any other real life situation, for example if you got unfairly charged with a credit card bill. You wouldn't leave that decision up to the credit card company, even if they were neutral and generally wanted to act in good faith. It's not wrong to challenge something that you feel is wrong. Obviously, it's a sport so real life analogies don't go too far, but my issue is exactly what you are implying in your post. That umpires somehow have higher authority. Before TV, they needed such authority as we had no other choice. Now, twenty million people on TV can immediately see how much of a moron an umpire is 20 seconds later. You can't keep imposing rules that were created in the 19th century just because it made sense then.
Oh, and not using every single piece of available technology is a farce. That's the whole point of a review FFS. As others have pointed out, India would not have lost the series in Sri Lanka if it weren't for the review system. A series that India definitely deserved to lose. When two people have that much power over a game, and they aren't players, there is something seriously wrong with the sport.