I've always wondered about legal stuff, because I have no idea wtf goes on with lawyers. Does a defendent just say to their lawyer "I'm guilty, but I'm not admitting it, what's the best way to get me off?" or is that generally considered to be unethical?
But there's no hard-and-fast rule that says you can't represent them any more? I've always wondered because I know there's confidentiality between lawyer and client, but I don't know what lawyers do in this situation.
This is an easy one, although we often get asked it. It's been some time since I did criminal law but I can't believe it's changed since then.
If a barrister's client says to him, "I'm guilty, but I'm not admitting it" and wants to plead not guilty, that's not a problem at all for the barrister. The barrister still has a duty to represent his client. The key things to remember here are:
(1) it is an absolutely central principle in the criminal justice system that everyone is innocent until proven guilty - it is for the prosecution to prove its case, and unless it does, the defendant must be acquitted;
(2) the barrister has an duty to advance his client's interests to the greatest extent consistent with his duty to the court (see (3)); and
(3) the barrister has a duty not to actively mislead the Court.
The upshot of these principles is as follows. The Defendant pleads not guilty, as he is entitled to do. Until convicted, he is innocent, and he and his barrister are entitled to put the prosecution case to proof. That means that the reliability of the prosecution evidence can be tested and challenged to an extremely exacting degree by the defence barrister. The defence barrister can make a speech to the jury in which he spells out the weaknesses and gaps in the prosecution's case, and to persuade them that they must therefore acquit. You will see that this conforms will all of the principles set out at (1) to (3) above.
What the defence barrister must not do, however, is to mislead the Court. That means that he cannot suggest that his client (whom he privately knows actually committed the offence) did not commit the offence. He can't suggest that the prosecution witnesses are lying, nor can he call his own client to give evidence that he in fact didn't commit the offence, or to produce an alibi (which he must know to be false), etc. Nor in his closing speech can he suggest that his client didn't in fact commit the offence.