The no ball rule is designed to prevent bowlers from running 20m down the pitch and throwing the ball at the stumps from a few centimetres away (in its most extreme manifestation). It's about preventing the bowler from gaining a perceived unfair advantage at taking wickets -- bowling from too close to the batsman. Overstepping by half an inch is against the rules, and in all reality gives you such a marginal advantage that it doesn't matter all that much, but is enforced because you have to put the line somewhere. Nobody in their right mind is going to suggest that is cheating.
Same with throwing -- it's designed to stop me from running up and pitching the ball at the stumps, gaining an unfair advantage by, y'know, not even bowling and getting extra pace etc etc. Ajmal's action is clearly a relatively marginal breaching of the rule -- I mean, as fluid as his elbow is, it's still a bowling action, not an out-and-out baseball pitch. More generally, if you straighten your elbow 15.5 degrees, realistically the advantage you gain is marginal at best compared to someone straightening 14.9 degrees. But it's against the rules and is enforced because, like the white line when it comes to no balls, the cut-off has to be somewhere. That doesn't make that bowler a cheat, it just means their action contravenes the rules and needs to be brought within the acceptable limit of straightening. Much as a fast bowler overstepping doesn't make them a cheat, it just means their delivery broke the rules and needs to be marginally altered to not break them again next time.
The wide rule isn't comparable at all IMO. Aimed at preventing a cynical ploy to restrict runs, not gaining an unfair advantage at taking wickets (which is also why stumped off a wide is a thing, and stumped off a no ball isn't).